Was he thrifty, or poor, or miserly? What breed? Was it common for a judge in New England to have a servant? Would Adams have greeted them both or just Judge Cushing? What would a curricle look like? Began study of theology, being licensed to preach, Practiced in Hampshire Co. Appointed Justice of the Peace, ; of the Quorum, Prominent in town affairs until the Revolution, when he withdrew, lacking sympathy for the popular cause.
Represented Spring-field in the House, , Served as Judge, Hampshire Inferior Court, — Sampson Salter Blowers — Married daughter of Benjamin Kent, q. Went to England in Proscribed in and imprisoned briefly by Kent on his return to Boston.
Shearjashub Bourne — Practiced in Barnstable Co. Addresser of Hutchinson, Involved in the affair of the Lusanna, — No.
Represented Barnstable in the House, —, — Member of the Massachusetts Ratification Convention, Served in Congress, — Chief Justice, Suffolk Inferior Court, — Theophilus Bradbury — Practiced in Falmouth now Portland, Maine until , thereafter in Newburyport. Attorney General, Cumberland Co. Served in the Massachusetts Senate, — Elected to Congress in — Sat on the Supreme Judicial Court from until his removal by legislative address in after a paralytic stroke.
William Browne — Studied law with Edmund Trowbridge, q. Briefly Collector of the Port of Salem, , but dismissed, apparently in scandal over counterfeit clearances. Represented Salem in the House, — Judge, Essex Inferior Court, — Addresser of Gage, Took refuge in Boston.
In sailed for England. Governor of Bermuda, — Andrew Cazneau d. Brother-in-law of Daniel Leonard, q. Addresser of Hutchinson, , and Gage, Sailed for Halifax, , and thence to New York, where he fought in defense of the city. Returned to Boston, Died at Roxbury. Peter Chardon JR. Admitted attorney and barrister, SCJ, March Early friend and correspondent of JA. Son of prominent Boston merchant. John Chipman — Admitted attorney, SCJ, Oct.
Practiced in Essex Co. Member of committee to instruct the representatives of Marblehead on the Stamp Act, Resident of Scituate. Representative in the House frequently after Councilor, — Plymouth Co. Judge of Probate and Inferior Court Judge, nd; Justice of the Superior Court, —, a post held previously by his father, John Cushing — , and subsequently by his son William Cushing, q. Washburn, Judicial History of Mass.
William Cushing — Studied law with Jeremiah Gridley, q. Practiced in Scituate from to and in Pownalborough now Dresden, Maine from to , serving not only as Justice of the Peace and of the Quorum, Register of Deeds, and Judge of Probate, but as general counsel of the Kennebec Company during the latter period. Only royal judge to be appointed to the Superior Court established by the Revolutionary Council in Presided at its first sessions and succeeded JA as Chief Justice of Massachusetts in , serving until A member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of and vice president of the state Ratification Convention in Appointed Chief Justice in , but resigned the commission after a week for reasons of health.
Cushing of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Francis Dana — Studied law with his maternal uncle, Edmund Trowbridge, q. Admitted attorney, SCJ, Aug.
Son of Richard Dana, q. After an unsuccessful private reconciliation mission in England, —, served as a member of the Massachusetts Council, —, and a delegate to the Continental Congress, — Secretary to JA 's legation in France, — Minister unrecognized to Russia, —, with JQA as his private secretary. Appointed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Chief Justice, — For a more detailed biography, see W. Cresson, Francis Dana N. His papers are in MHi.
Richard Dana — Married a sister of Edmund Trowbridge, q. Practiced in Essex and Middlesex cos. Represented Marblehead in the House, Active in the affairs of the town of Boston, serving in c various offices and as counsel. Father of Francis Dana, q. Joseph Dudley — Apparently studied with Jeremiah Gridley, q. Admitted attorney and barrister, SCJ, Aug.
Married Gridley's daughter. Daniel Farnham — Admitted attorney, SCJ, Nov. Practiced in Newburyport. Appointed Attorney General for York Co. Loyalist in sympathy, but did not go into exile.
Samuel Fitch — Appointed Deputy Judge, David Gorham — Admitted attorney, SCJ, May Addresser of Hutchinson, , but recanted with Shearjashub Bourne, q. Continued practice and held minor offices after the Revolution, but denied commission as Justice of the Peace.
Benjamin Gridley —before Nephew of Jeremiah Gridley, q. Did not practice law extensively. Addresser of Hutchinson, , and Gage in Sailed to Halifax in , and then to England. Jeremiah Gridley — Sometimes called Jeremy. The leading lawyer of his time. Many of the outstanding lawyers of the next generation studied under him, including William Cushing, James Otis, Benjamin Prat, and Oxenbridge Thacher, qq.
Others, notably JA , were deeply influenced by his knowledge of the law. Broadly interested in literary matters as well, founding the Weekly Rehearsal and with others the American Magazine Represented Brookline in the House frequently, — Appointed Attorney General, Represented the Crown in the argument on writs of assistance in No.
Joseph Hawley — SCJ Rec. Principal spokesman of patriot party in western Massachusetts. Frequently represented Northampton in the House, participating with JA and others in many of the legislative battles preceding the Revolution. Elected to the Council in Declined to serve in Continental Congress, , but maintained an active correspondence with JA and other members, urging independence. Elected to the House, — Developing mental illness caused him gradually to withdraw from public life after Critic of the Massachusetts Constitution of , declining to serve in the state Senate because of the religious test imposed.
For a more recent biography, see E. Portions of his papers are in NN. Edward Hill — Son of Alexander Hill, Boston merchant. Took a sum of money from JA 's office, July , in course of departure from Boston for personal reasons. JA apparently accepted his apology, because he is mentioned as in the office as late as Oct. James Hovey — See Washburn, Judicial History of Mass. Foster Hutchinson — Had no formal legal training. Brother of Thomas Hutchinson, q. Judge, Suffolk Inferior Court, — Page 1 View larger image.
Philadelphia Feb. Page 2 View larger image. Massachusetts Historical Society. Original manuscript: Adams, John. Source of transcription: Adams Papers Editorial Project.
It is true that the fine minutes of the Court for those two days do not show Cushing as Chief Justice, but Joseph Story's qualifications to be an Associate Justice suffer from a similar problem: his oath-taking is recorded in the rough minutes but not in the fine minutes for February Term What is sauce for Associate Justices Story et al.
In addition, the language used by President Washington and the Senate during the appointment process for Cushing's successor, Oliver Ellsworth, reveals that the executive and legislative branches understood Cushing to have been Chief Justice.
In particular, they used the word "resigned" to describe Cushing's departure from the Chief-Justiceship. In a remarkable display of consistency, from to the President and Senate invariably used the word "resigned" in the judicial appointments process when referring to individuals who had entered into and then departed from judicial offices, and the word "declined" to describe individuals who refused an office without ever entering into it.
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