HPV is only a human skin infection. Almost every person will have HPV at some point in their lives. There are over types of HPV that live on the body and only a small number of types ie. HPV infect skin cells. Infection with low-risk HPV types can cause external genital warts. Warts on other parts of the body, such as the hands, are caused by different types of HPV. Some strains, however, can cause genital warts, other non-genital skin warts, and still others lead to cancer, such as cervical cancer.
Genital warts can occur in both men and women. Their appearance varies; they can be small, large, raised, flat, or cauliflower-like in appearance. Sometimes they appear singly or in clusters. They may itch, bleed, or feel somewhat tender. Genital warts can appear on the surface of the vulva, cervix, vagina, or around the anus in women, and on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus in men.
How do you know if you have genital warts? If you have any new warts or bumps in the genital area, see your healthcare provider. He or she can usually diagnose genital warts by just looking at them. If your warts look unusual or suspicious, your provider can confirm the diagnosis with a biopsy. These high-risk HPV types are linked to cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, anal cancer, and penile cancer, as well as other types of cancer.
HPV gets into the skin and causes the skin cells to multiply, forming a wart. Others may not develop symptoms until months or years after the initial infection. This diagram illustrates how a wart forms:. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina cervix. Other types of cancers, including cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva and back of the throat oropharyngeal , have been linked to HPV infection.
These infections are often transmitted sexually or through other skin-to-skin contact. Vaccines can help protect against the strains of HPV most likely to cause genital warts or cervical cancer. Common warts can grow on your hands or fingers. They're small, grainy bumps that are rough to the touch. They're usually flesh-colored, white, pink or tan.
Plantar warts are caused by the same type of virus that causes warts on your hands and fingers. But, because of their location, they can be painful. Flat warts are smaller and smoother than other warts. They generally occur on the face or legs and are more common in children and teens than in adults. Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection. They can appear on the genitals, in the pubic area or in the anal canal. In women, genital warts can also grow inside the vagina.
In most cases, your body's immune system defeats an HPV infection before it creates warts. When warts do appear, they vary in appearance depending on which kind of HPV is involved:. Genital warts. These appear as flat lesions, small cauliflower-like bumps or tiny stemlike protrusions. In women, genital warts appear mostly on the vulva but can also occur near the anus, on the cervix or in the vagina. In men, genital warts appear on the penis and scrotum or around the anus.
Genital warts rarely cause discomfort or pain, though they may itch or feel tender. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV infections, but cervical cancer may take 20 years or longer to develop after an HPV infection. The HPV infection and early cervical cancer typically don't cause noticeable symptoms. Getting vaccinated against HPV infection is your best protection from cervical cancer.
Because early cervical cancer doesn't cause symptoms, it's vital that women have regular screening tests to detect any precancerous changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. Current guidelines recommend that women ages 21 to 29 have a Pap test every three years. Strains are identified by number and fall into either of the following two categories.
These strains have no association with cancer but can lead to genital warts. In addition to the vulva and the penis, warts may appear on the cervix or vagina in women, the scrotum in men, or in and around the anus in men or women.
Warts may also appear in the mouth and throat. Two strains of HPV, types 6 and 11, cause 90 percent of these warts. Only about 1 percent of sexually active Americans have noticeable genital warts, which require treatment to prevent the spread to other genital areas and to sexual partners. Some low-risk HPV strains can cause mild cervical dysplasia, abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix.
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