He served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania until his death in He was a member of the American Philosophical Society for over forty years. William Clingan —William Clingan served as a justice of the peace for nearly thirty years from He served in Congress from and was the president of the Chester County, Pennsylvania courts from Joseph Reed —Joseph Reed was an important military and political figure during the Revolutionary War.
He was a graduate of the College of New Jersey Princeton University and began practicing law in He served in Congress for one term beginning in and then became the head of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council from Reed served as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania from until his death in Henry Laurens —Henry Laurens was a wealthy merchant, planter and politician who was opposed to the mercantile policy of the British but was not in support of some of the radical economic actions taken prior to the American Revolution.
He served in the Continental Congress from Laurens was captured by the British in on his way to Holland and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. He was later set free in in exchange for British General Cornwallis. Laurens was chosen to help negotiate the Treaty of Paris that officially ended the Revolutionary War Because of his revolutionary leanings, he was both dismissed and resigned from those offices. He served in Congress from until his untimely death in He returned to South Carolina in to set up a law practice.
He was actively involved in state and local politics and served as a Captain in the Colleton County regiment during the Revolutionary War. After serving in the Continental Congress from , Mathews was elected Governor of South Carolina in and He was later elected judge of the court of Chancery , the state House of Representatives and judge of the Court of Equity Richard Hutson —Richard Hutson graduated from Princeton College in and became a well-known judge, lawyer and politician.
He was actively involved in state politics and served in the Continental Congress from Augustine, Florida from He served as Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from Hutson was a member of the state constitutional convention of , which adopted the Federal Constitution. Thomas Heyward, Jr. After his involvement in national politics, he returned to South Carolina and became a judge and a member of the state legislature.
After the war, he served two terms in the state legislature from William Ellery —William Ellery served with distinction in the Congress of the Confederation until when he accepted the post of Commissioner of the Continental Loan Office of Rhode Island. He served in that position until when he was appointed Customs Collector in Newport. Although the British destroyed his home during the American Revolution, Ellery was later able to rebuild his fortune. Henry Marchant —Henry Marchant was a lawyer who graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.
He was the Attorney General of Rhode Island from and a member of the Assembly before being elected to Congress from He served as United States district judge for Rhode Island from John Collins —John Collins was a member of the Continental Congress from and and Governor of Rhode Island from While serving as Governor, Collins cast the deciding vote in the Rhode Island Senate to form a convention to vote upon the adoption or rejection of the Federal Constitution.
He was then elected to the first Congress of the United States but refused to take his seat. He was a Virginia state legislator from and served in the national Congress again from He supported the Constitution after the decision was made to include a bill of rights.
He was elected Senator from Virginia from However, Lee was forced to resign in due to poor health. He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and was elected to the Continental Congress in Banister was a Major and Lieutenant Colonel in the Virginia militia during the Revolutionary War and fought during the British invasion of Virginia in He was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and a member of Congress from After his term was completed in the Congress, Adams served in the Virginia State Senate from Adams died on his estate, "Cowpasture", in August of Harvie was an American lawyer, builder and politician who served in the Continental Congress from After , Harvie worked as a purchasing agent and helped supply the Virginia militia and Continental Army.
He died in after falling off a ladder while inspecting one of his building projects. He signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation as well as serving on both the military and marine committees during his time in Congress.
He left Congress in and served a few years in the Virginia state legislature. Back To Top. Call to order: or order pocket constitution books online. All rights reserved. This provision, like many in the Articles, indicated that powerful provincial loyalties and suspicions of central authority persisted. In the s—the so-called Critical Period—state actions powerfully affected politics and economic life.
For the most part, business prospered and the economy grew. Expansion into the West proceeded and population increased. National problems persisted, however, as American merchants were barred from the British West Indies and the British army continued to hold posts in the Old Northwest, which was named American territory under the Treaty of Paris.
These circumstances contributed to a sense that constitutional revision was imperative. Still, national feeling grew slowly in the s, although major efforts to amend the Articles in order to give Congress the power to tax failed in and The year after the failure of , the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia and effectively closed the history of government under the Articles of Confederation.
To all to whom these Presents shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our Names send greeting. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.
The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their Liberties and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.
The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these states, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states; and the people of each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restriction shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any state, to any other state, of which the Owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of the united states, or either of them.
If any Person guilty of, or charged with treason, felony, — or other high misdemeanor in any state, shall flee from Justice, and be found in any of the united states, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or executive power, of the state from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the state having jurisdiction of his offense.
Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these states to the records, acts and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other state. For the more convenient management of the general interests of the united states, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislature of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each state, to recal its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the Year.
No state shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the united states, for which he, or another for his benefit receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.
Each state shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the states, and while they act as members of the committee of the states. In determining questions in the united states in Congress assembled, each state shall have one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any Court, or place out of Congress, and the members of congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests and imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
No state, without the Consent of the united states in congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference agreement, alliance or treaty with any King prince or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince or foreign state; nor shall the united states in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility.
No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the united states in congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No state shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the united states in congress assembled, with any king, prince or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain.
No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the united states in congress assembled, for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgment of the united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutered, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage.
When land-forces are raised by any state for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment.
All charges of war, and all other expences that shall be incurred for the common defence or general welfare, and allowed by the united states in congress assembled, shall be def rayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several states in proportion to the value of all land within each state, granted to or surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the united states in congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several states within the time agreed upon by the united states in congress assembled. The united states in congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following.
All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the states which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the congress of the united states, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different states.
And the officers and men so cloathed, armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states in congress assembled. The united states in congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expences necessary for the defence and welfare of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine states assent to the same: nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the united states in congress assembled.
The congress of the united states shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six Months, and shall publish the Journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each state on any question shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any delegate; and the delegates of a state, or any of them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a transcript of the said Journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several states.
The committee of the states, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of congress, such of the powers of congress as the united states in congress assembled, by the consent of nine states, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine states in the congress of the united states assembled is requisite.
Canada acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the united states, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this union: but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine states.
Venera 3, a Soviet probe launched from Kazakhstan on November 15, , collides with Venus, the second planet from the sun. Although Venera 3 failed in its mission to measure the Venusian atmosphere, it was the first unmanned spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet. Later that day, Tituba, possibly under coercion, confessed to the crime, encouraging the authorities On March 1, , in a crime that captured the attention of the entire nation, Charles Lindbergh, Jr.
Lindbergh, who became an international celebrity A bomb explodes in the Capitol building in Washington, D. A group calling itself the Weather Underground claimed credit for the bombing, which was done in protest of the ongoing U. Mantle was an idol to millions, known for his remarkable power and speed and his everyman personality. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. Native Americans had lived and hunted in the region that would become Yellowstone for hundreds of years before the first Anglo explorers arrived.
Abundant game and mountain streams teeming Two trains are swept into a canyon by an avalanche in Wellington, Washington, on March 1, , killing 96 people.
Due to the remote location of the disaster and the risk of further avalanches, efforts to rescue survivors and find the bodies of the dead were not completed until
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