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Please contact "" or your emergency services if this is a health emergency. This information influences the hormones that the pituitary makes and releases. Pituitary: The pituitary pronounced: puh-TOO-uh-ter-ee gland is at the base of the brain, and is no bigger than a pea. Despite its small size, the pituitary is often called the "master gland. The pituitary also secretes endorphins pronounced: en-DOR-fins , chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain.
The pituitary also secretes hormones that signal the reproductive organs to make sex hormones. The pituitary gland also controls ovulation and the menstrual cycle in women. Thyroid: The thyroid pronounced: THY-royd is in the front part of the lower neck.
It's shaped like a bow tie or butterfly. These hormones control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to make energy. The more thyroid hormone there is in the bloodstream, the faster chemical reactions happen in the body. Thyroid hormones are important because they help kids' and teens' bones grow and develop, and they also play a role in the development of the brain and nervous system.
Parathyroids: Attached to the thyroid are four tiny glands that work together called the parathyroids pronounced: par-uh-THY-roydz. They release parathyroid hormone, which controls the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin pronounced: kal-suh-TOE-nin , which the thyroid makes.
The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which makes a set of hormones and has a different function:. Pineal: The pineal pronounced: pih-NEE-ul body, also called the pineal gland, is in the middle of the brain. It secretes melatonin pronounced: meh-luh-TOE-nin , a hormone that may help regulate when you sleep at night and when you wake in the morning.
Reproductive Glands: The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. Most people don't realize it, but both guys and girls have gonads. In guys the male gonads , or testes pronounced: TES-teez , are in the scrotum. They secrete hormones called androgens pronounced: AN-druh-junz , the most important of which is testosterone pronounced: tess-TOSS-tuh-rone. These hormones tell a guy's body when it's time to make the changes associated with puberty, like penis and height growth, deepening voice, and growth in facial and pubic hair.
Working with hormones from the pituitary gland, testosterone also tells a guy's body when it's time to make sperm in the testes.
Case Files Collection. Clinical Sports Medicine Collection. Davis AT Collection. Davis PT Collection. Murtagh Collection. About Search. Enable Autosuggest. You have successfully created a MyAccess Profile for alertsuccessName. Home Books Endocrine Physiology, 4e. Previous Chapter. Next Chapter. AMA Citation Chapter 9.
Female Reproductive System. In: Molina PE. Molina P. Patricia E. Endocrine Physiology, 4e. McGraw Hill; Accessed November 12, APA Citation Chapter 9. Molina PE. McGraw Hill. MLA Citation "Chapter 9.
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